The French Period Or Grand Era Floral

The French period or the Grand era was influenced by the French monarchy beginning with Louis XIV. The emphasis during this period was on classic form. Floral designs were refined and elegant compared to the often overdone flamboyance of the earlier Dutch Flemish arrangements. Fan-shaped, round, and crescent-shaped designs were favored. Other designs featured in the Grand era were tall designs as well as small casual bouquets. Roses were very popular along with all the spring bulb flowers—lilacs, lilies, and the newly introduced gladiolus.

Containers, including vases, urns, and flasks, were very ornate and made of porcelain, metal, or glass. Shell and leaf-shaped dishes and baskets or bowls were also characteristic of this period.

Influence on Today's Designs

The fan and crescent arrangements of the Grand era are still designed today. The emphasis on classic form and not the extravagance of the earlier period is also commonly chosen for today's designs.

ENGLISH TRADITION

The English have a long history and love for flowers and plants. The conquering Romans introduced decorating with wreaths and garlands. Tending of kitchen or cottage gardens dated back to the Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the English picked flowers for casual bouquets to bring into their homes. An early requirement for flowers in the English tradition was their fragrance. The English favored fragrant flowers because they believed that the perfume would rid the air of pestilence. Fashionable English ladies carried nosegays for their fragrance as well as for decoration. Another name for the nosegay was tussie-mussie Tuzzy is an old English word for a knot of flowers.

The English enjoyed both casual and formal designs. The William and Mary reign from 1689 to 1702 marked the height in popularity of the very formal and symmetrical style of gardening. With the popularity of formality, the topiary form was developed, first in the garden by pruning shrubs into symmetrical shapes, and then later in floral design.

EARLY ENGLISH PERION GEORGIAN

The Georgian era was named for the English kings, George I, II, and III. During the Georgian period, floral designs varied from small, casual, mixed bouquets in glass, or metal, bud vases or vases and small tussie-mussies to large, mixed flower arrangements in urns, baskets, and vases. The arrangement height of the tall designs was usually one and one-half times the container height. These smaller bouquets are also believed to be the first centerpieces. Dried flower arrangements also became popular during this time. The English are also credited with inventing the miniature arrangement.

The containers were numerous, such as urns, bud vases, stem cups with handles, baskets, jars, jugs, bowls, bottles, vases, and five-fingered posy- holders. Ceramic wall pockets and Delft enclosed bricks with holes for flowers were introduced for flower arranging during the Georgian period.

Influence on Today's Designs

The English developed many popular items for today's flower enthusiasts, such as the centerpiece, the nosegay, the topiary, and also the miniature. Flowers arranged in a bud vase are still a simple but pleasant way to display a few select blossoms. Dried flower arrangements are still enjoyed today.

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